雅思写作7分的评分标准中对于词汇的要求是【uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style of collocation】

在这里的less common lexical items也就是不太常见的词汇或词组。而拉丁词汇就是考官推荐的典型的一种不常见的表达。

拉丁词汇在国外的日常写作和交流中，都会不可避免地被用到，在国外的学术论文写作中更是十分常见。如果能够学会一些拉丁词汇并且正确地运用到雅思写作中去，不仅能够暗示考官自己有很高的学术素养（即使事实并非如此），也能够借此"绝活儿"为文章增添一份亮点。

环球教育Dolly老师接下来给大家介绍一些可以为雅思作文增色的拉丁词汇，向7+分雅思写作奔进！

e.g. (是Exempli gratia的缩写，通常用在例子前面，等同于for example)

请注意e.g.在国外学术写作的标准用法中经常是后面要再跟一个逗号（也就是变成e.g.,），但是笔者发现在雅思写作中以及牛津字典的解释中都是只要使用e.g.就可以了 。

请看剑桥真题7第128页的独立写作例句：

Some people feel that entertainers (e.g. film stars, pop musician or sports stars) are paid too much money.

etc.  (等等，以及诸如此类，是 et cetera的缩写)

This is used after a list to show that there are other things that you could have mentioned

在剑桥真题4的第二套test中，考官论文就使用了这个拉丁词汇。

By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).

请注意：e.g. 和etc.不能同时出现在同一句话中，因为e.g.只是表示泛泛而谈地举出几个例子，并没有囊括所有的示例，所以e.g.里边包括了"等等"之意。如果此时再增加一个etc.就画蛇添足了。

以下这个例句就是典型的错误。 切记：e.g.和etc.不能同时存在！

Writing instructors focus on a number of complex skills that require extensive practice (e.g., organization, clear expression, logical thinking, etc.)

i.e. (也就是，亦即，等同于 that is, in other words)

This is used to explain exactly what the previous thing that you have mentioned means (from Latin "id est").所以i.e. 的目的是用来进一步解释前面所说的观点。这个在学术论文中也是经常后边要跟着逗号（也就是i.e.,），但是雅思写作和牛津字典中却允许不加逗号。

e.g. We need the basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water.

我们需要一些生活基本需要，也就是住房、食物和水。

在剑桥真题4的第四套test中的第一篇阅读中，出现以下的句子：

As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, …

最后，针对以上的e.g., i.e., etc., 笔者给出几个建议：

1. 就像以上看到的一些例句一般，放进括号里用

2. 不要忘记字母后边的小点点

3. 可考虑i.e. 和e.g.参照标准的学术写作要求，在后边加个逗号吧。

Status quo (现状)

From the Latin, its meaning is the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change.

e.g. There are some conservatives who want to maintain the status quo.

这里有一些想要保持现状的保守党。

Per se(就其本身而言)

The direct translation of this term is "by itself" and it has the same meaning when used in English.

e.g. The drug is not harmful per se, but is dangerous when taken with alcohol.

药物本身并无害，但是和酒精一同使用就会变得很危险。

Vice versa (反之亦然)

From Latin, its meaning is "to change" or "to turn around". This term means to reverse the order of something. According the explanation from the Oxford Dictionary, this term is used to say that the opposite of what you have just said is also true.

e.g. You can cruise from Cairo to Aswan or vice versa (=also from Aswan to Cairo).

你能从Cairo航海到Aswan， 也能从Aswan航海到Cairo。

e.g. Languages influence culture and vice versa.

语言影响文化，反之亦然。

Ergo (因此，所以)

Ergo means "therefore" in Latin. It is used in a formal or humorous way.

e.g. Neither side would have an incentive to start a war. Ergo, peace would reign.

双方都不会有开战的动机，所以将会是和平时期。

Circa (大约)

This term is used with dates. 根据牛津字典上的解释，这个circa通常是跟日期连用。

e.g. He was born circa 150BC.

他生于约公元前150年。

Per capita (人均的)

From Latin, it means "for each person". 这个词可以作为形容词使用，也可以作为副词使用。

e.g. Per capita income rose sharply last year.

去年人均收入猛增。

e.g. This year Americans will eat about 40% more fresh apples per capita than the Japanese.

今年，美国人均鲜苹果消费量会比日本高约40%。

Et alii（缩写是et al.， 通常用在一本合著的书的某一个作者名字之后以省略罗列其他的作者名字）: You're unlikely to encounter this Latin phrase in its unabbreviated form, and will most likely only ever see it as et al when included. This is also a term that is found in footnotes and bibliographies which allows writers to refer to a large number of authors without having to write each name out (for example, you could say that your source is from Dr. Henry Jones et al.)

对于最后这个 et al. ，笔者认为在咱们烤鸭的雅思写作中是几乎用不上的。但是在未来的学术写作中却是极度高频率的一个缩写词，灰常有用！所以建议大伙先提前认识一下。

烤鸭们，赶紧行动起来吧！

用点拉丁词汇，顿时觉得很美！

参考书目：

1. 牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版

2. 剑桥雅思真题

3. 柯林斯词典